CalcMyPeptide
Clinical / PharmaceuticalAlso known as: Afamelanotide, Scenesse, NDP-MSH, [Nle4, D-Phe7]-α-MSH, MT-1

Melanotan 1

Melanotan I (Afamelanotide / Scenesse) is a highly purified, synthetic linear analogue of naturally occurring alpha-MSH. Unlike the illicit and highly unselective Melanotan II, MT-1 is an FDA and EMA approved pharmaceutical. It is deployed clinically to aggressively shield patients with Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP) from catastrophic phototoxicity by forcing the intense, systemic production of protective photopigments, inducing a deep, natural tan without the need for UV trauma.

Reviewed by CalcMyPeptide Editorial Team
Last updated: April 2026Evidence: High1 peer-reviewed citation

Quick Stats

Half-Life~30-45 minutes (longer in depot form)
Dose Range16 mg implant (sub-dermal, every 60 days)
FrequencyEvery 60 days (implant)
Vial SizesN/A (oral)
BioavailabilitySubcutaneous injection or implant
Year Developed1987 (FDA approved 2019 for EPP)

Scientific Data

Molecular Formula
C78H111N21O19
Molecular Weight
1646.9 g/mol
CAS Number
PubChem ID

Mechanism of Action

Melanotan-1 (Afamelanotide, Scenesse) is a synthetic 13-amino-acid analog of naturally occurring α-MSH. It was developed at the University of Arizona to provide a sunless tanning effect to protect against UV radiation and skin cancer. Unlike Melanotan-2, it is a linear (not cyclic) full-length analog.

Mechanistically, MT-1 binds to melanocortin-1 receptors (MC1R) with much higher affinity and an exponentially longer half-life than natural α-MSH. This binding stimulates melanocytes to ramp up production of eumelanin (the dark protective pigment). Importantly, MT-1 is highly selective to MC1R in the skin, generally avoiding the MC3R/MC4R receptors that cause the intense libido enhancement and nausea associated with Melanotan-2.

Source: PMID: 19706843

Background & History

Melanotan 1 (afamelanotide) was developed at the University of Arizona in the 1980s as part of research into α-MSH analogues for photoprotection. Unlike Melanotan II (a cyclic heptapeptide with broad melanocortin receptor activity), MT-1 is a linear tridecapeptide selective for MC1R. It was approved by the EMA in 2014 and FDA in 2019 as Scenesse (a 16 mg sub-dermal implant) for erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), an inherited condition causing severe photosensitivity.

Research Use Cases

  • Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP)
  • Photoprotection research
  • Skin cancer prevention research

Dosing Protocol

Typical Dose16 mg implant (sub-dermal, every 60 days)
FrequencyEvery 60 days (implant)
Half-Life0.5 hours

Dosing Protocols

Medical (FDA-approved)

Dose
16 mg implant
Frequency
Subcutaneous implant every 2 months
Note: FDA-approved (Scenesse) for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP).

Off-label / Cosmetic

Dose
0.5 - 1 mg
Frequency
Daily SC until desired pigment, then maintenance 1-2x per week.
Note: Requires UV exposure (sun or tanning bed) to actualize pigment synthesis effectively.

Administration

Route
Subcutaneous injection
Timing
Prior to UV exposure for best results.
Fasting Required?
No — food timing not critical

Expected Timeline

Week 1-2
Loading phase. Melanin production increases. Pigment darkening visible with UV exposure.
Week 3+
Deep, sustained photoprotective tan. Moles/freckles will darken significantly.

Who Is It For?

Photoprotection / EPP

High

FDA approved as Scenesse for Erythropoietic protoporphyria, granting patients extreme UV tolerance.

Cosmetic Tanning

High

Highly effective safe sunless/low-sun tan. Much lower side-effect profile than MT-2.

Safety & Considerations

FDA-approved as Scenesse implant. Injectable MT-1 is well-tolerated. Will darken existing moles, freckles, and nevi heavily. Nausea is possible but much rarer than MT-2. No spontaneous erections/libido effects like MT-2.

Regulatory & Legal Status

FDA Status (US)
Research Only
WADA Status (2026)
Not Listed

Not currently on the WADA 2026 Prohibited List. Policies may change — verify before competition.

Classification

Research Chemical

US Compounding: Not eligible / not available

⚠️ This information is for educational purposes only and may not reflect the most current regulatory updates. Always verify with official FDA, WADA, and jurisdiction-specific sources before use.

Interactions & Contraindications

Monitor pre-existing nevi for changes. May darken existing moles. Not for use with phototherapy. No significant drug interactions reported at approved doses.

Synergies & Common Stacks

MT-1 and MT-2 both stimulate melanogenesis but through different receptor selectivity profiles. MT-1 is the clinically approved, selective compound; MT-2 is the broader-acting research peptide.

Dosing Quick Reference

Melanotan 1— Dosing Guide
Dose Range
16 mg implant (sub-dermal, every 60 days)
Half-Life
0.5 hours
Frequency
Every 60 days (implant)
Route
Oral
Clinical / Pharmaceuticalcalcmypeptide.com

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Melanotan-1 safer than Melanotan-2?
Generally yes. MT-1 is an FDA-approved molecule (Scenesse). It is highly selective for the skin MC1R receptor and avoids the brain MC4R receptors that cause the intense nausea, flushing, and spontaneous erections seen with MT-2.
Do you still need sun to tan on MT-1?
Yes. MT-1 upregulates the melanocytes and primes the melanin synthesis pathways, but a small amount of UV radiation is still the catalyst required to significantly darken the skin.

References

  1. Langendonk JG et al. "Afamelanotide for erythropoietic protoporphyria".” NEJM (2015). PMID: 26132941

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