CalcMyPeptide
Sexual HealthAlso known as: Bremelanotide, Vyleesi

PT-141

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a revolutionary melanocortin-based peptide FDA-approved under the brand Vyleesi for the treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD). Unlike traditional PDE5 inhibitors (like Viagra or Cialis) which rely strictly on peripheral vasodilation and blood flow, PT-141 is a neurological aphrodisiac. It directly rewires sexual desire at the central nervous system level, inducing profound arousal and treating psychogenic erectile dysfunction in men and anorgasmia in women completely independent of the cardiovascular system.

Reviewed by CalcMyPeptide Editorial Team
Last updated: April 2026Evidence: High3 peer-reviewed citations

Quick Stats

Half-Life~2.7 hours
Dose Range500-2000 mcg
FrequencyAs needed (max 1×/24h, max 8×/month)
Vial Sizes10 mg
Bioavailability~100% (subcutaneous)
Year Developed1996

Scientific Data

Molecular Formula
C50H68N14O10
Molecular Weight
1025.17 g/mol
CAS Number
PubChem ID
Developer
University of Arizona (Victor J. Hruby lab)

Mechanism of Action

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist that acts on MC4R (melanocortin-4 receptors) in the central nervous system to modulate sexual arousal. Unlike PDE5 inhibitors (Viagra, Cialis) that work peripherally on blood flow, PT-141 works centrally in the brain to enhance desire and arousal.

FDA-approved as Vyleesi for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women, PT-141 is also used off-label for male sexual dysfunction. It was originally derived from Melanotan II but engineered to remove the tanning effects while preserving the sexual function pathway.

Source: FDA Label (Vyleesi)

Background & History

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a cyclic heptapeptide derived from alpha-MSH (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) developed by Palatin Technologies. Unlike sildenafil and other PDE5 inhibitors that act peripherally, PT-141 acts centrally in the hypothalamus via MC4R (melanocortin-4 receptor) to initiate sexual arousal — making it effective for both men and women. FDA approved in 2019 as Vyleesi for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women — the first centrally acting sexual dysfunction treatment approved for women.

Research Use Cases

  • Female hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) — FDA approved (Vyleesi)
  • Male erectile dysfunction unresponsive to PDE5 inhibitors
  • Situational or psychogenic sexual dysfunction
  • Research: central arousal pathway modulation

Dosing Protocol

Typical Dose500-2000 mcg
FrequencyAs needed (max 1×/24h, max 8×/month)
Half-Life~2.7 hours
Common Vial Sizes10 mg

Dosing Protocols

Low / Sensitivity Test

Dose
500 - 750 mcg
Frequency
As needed (max 1x/24h)
Note: Start here to assess nausea tolerance. Inject 45-60 min before anticipated need.

FDA-Approved Dose

Dose
1.75 mg
Frequency
As needed (max 8x/month)
Note: Approved dose (Vyleesi) for women. Used off-label for both sexes in research.

Body-Weight Dosing Reference

Estimated doses extrapolated from the published research range of 5002000 mcg/day (referenced to 70 kg / 154 lb). These are approximations — consult a qualified healthcare provider for personalised guidance.

WeightLowTargetHigh
120 lb(54 kg)386 mcg964 mcg1543 mcg
140 lb(63 kg)450 mcg1125 mcg1800 mcg
160 lb(73 kg)521 mcg1304 mcg2086 mcg
180 lb(82 kg)586 mcg1464 mcg2343 mcg
200 lb(91 kg)650 mcg1625 mcg2600 mcg
220 lb(100 kg)714 mcg1786 mcg2857 mcg
250 lb(113 kg)807 mcg2018 mcg3229 mcg

💉 For exact syringe units based on your vial concentration, use the PT-141 Reconstitution Calculator →

Administration

Route
Subcutaneous injection (abdomen or thigh)
Timing
45-60 minutes before anticipated need. Fasting not required.
Fasting Required?
No — food timing not critical

Expected Timeline

45-60 min post-injection
Onset of arousal enhancement. Nausea risk is highest in this window.
1-4 hours
Peak effect period. Duration is typically 6-12 hours total.

Who Is It For?

Sexual Dysfunction (Female HSDD)

High

FDA-approved (Vyleesi) — the first central-acting sexual dysfunction treatment for women.

Sexual Dysfunction (Male, off-label)

Moderate

Central mechanism differs from PDE5 inhibitors — may benefit non-responders to Viagra/Cialis.

Reconstitution Example

Vial
10 mg
Water
2 mL
Concentration
5 mg/mL
Per Unit (100u syringe)
50 mcg
Dose of 500 mcg = 10 units on a 100-unit insulin syringe

Safety & Considerations

FDA-approved as Vyleesi. May cause nausea, flushing, and headache. Maximum 1 dose per 24 hours, 8 doses per month. Transient blood pressure elevation possible. Not for uncontrolled hypertension.

Regulatory & Legal Status

FDA Status (US)
Approved

FDA-approved as Vyleesi® for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women

WADA Status (2026)
Not Listed

Not currently on the WADA 2026 Prohibited List. Policies may change — verify before competition.

Classification

Prescription Drug

US Compounding: Available via licensed pharmacy Rx

⚠️ This information is for educational purposes only and may not reflect the most current regulatory updates. Always verify with official FDA, WADA, and jurisdiction-specific sources before use.

Interactions & Contraindications

Common side effect: transient nausea and flushing (MC1R-mediated). Causes transient blood pressure increase — contraindicated with cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, or concurrent use of antihypertensives. Do not combine with PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil) without medical clearance — additive blood pressure reduction risk. Maximum dosing frequency: once per 24 hours.

Synergies & Common Stacks

Kisspeptin modulates GnRH/LH/FSH upstream of testosterone; PT-141 acts on downstream arousal circuitry. Together they address both hormonal and neurological dimensions of sexual function.

Oxytocin enhances emotional bonding and arousal via different receptors; PT-141 initiates desire centrally. May synergize for comprehensive sexual wellness protocols.

PT-141 vs. Melanotan-2

AttributePT-141Melanotan-2
FDA StatusApproved as Vyleesi® (HSDD)Research chemical — not FDA approved
MechanismMC4R agonist (sexual circuits)MC1R + MC4R agonist (tanning + sexual)
Primary EffectSexual arousal / desireSkin tanning + sexual arousal
Tanning EffectMinimal (MC1R activity much lower)Strong melanin-stimulated tanning
Side EffectsNausea, flushing (self-limiting)Nausea, erections, pigmentation, moles
Dose0.5–1.75 mg per dose (SC)0.5–1 mg per dose (SC)

Verdict: PT-141 is the safer, FDA-approved option for sexual health with a well-defined safety profile. Melanotan-2 adds tanning effects but carries greater risk (uncontrolled pigmentation, mole growth). For pure sexual function, PT-141 is the preferred clinical choice.

Dosing Quick Reference

PT-141— Dosing Guide
Dose Range
500-2000 mcg
Half-Life
~2.7 hours
Frequency
As needed (max 1×/24h, max 8×/month)
Route
Subcutaneous
10 mg vial
💧 2 mL BAC water📐 5 mg/mL concentration💉 50 mcg/unit (100u syringe)
Sexual Healthcalcmypeptide.com

Frequently Asked Questions

How quickly does PT-141 work?
PT-141 takes 45-60 minutes to take effect when injected subcutaneously. Effects last 6-12 hours.
What is the PT-141 dose?
FDA-approved (Vyleesi): 1.75 mg SC. Research protocols: 500 mcg to 2 mg. Start low to assess nausea tolerance.
Can men use PT-141?
Yes — used off-label by men for ED. Works centrally via MC4R, a different mechanism than Viagra/Cialis. May benefit PDE5 non-responders.

References

  1. Diamond LE et al. "Bremelanotide: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction".” Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs (2006). PMID: 16466772

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