Sexual Health

PT-141

Bremelanotide · Vyleesi

Bremelanotide (PT-141). Vyleesi is FDA-approved 1.75 mg SC for premenopausal HSDD, max one dose per 24 h and eight per month. Research cakes are not Vyleesi. Central MC4R arousal, not a PDE5. Male ED is off-label. Nausea and transient BP rise are on the label.

Reviewed by CalcMyPeptide Editorial Team
Last updated: August 2026Evidence: High3 peer-reviewed citations
Typical research dose
500-2000 mcg
Frequency
As needed (max 1×/24h, max 8×/month)
Half-life
~2.7 hours
Common vials
10 mg
CAS
189691-06-3
Molecular weight
1025.17 g/mol

Use-case scores

0–10 against the evidence we have, not a gym ranking. Hidden domains do not apply here.

  • Sexual / hormonal7.5/10

    Vyleesi is FDA-approved for premenopausal HSDD. Ceiling 9; haircut because a research cake is not Vyleesi, male ED is off-label, and nausea/BP limits real-world use.

Compound card

Sequence
Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OH
Class
Cyclic melanocortin agonist (bremelanotide; Vyleesi is the labeled product)
Formula
C50H68N14O10
Status
FDA-approved
Dose it
10 mg + 2 mL BAC water → 5 mg/mL · 500 mcg ≈ 10 units (U-100)
Open in calculator

How it works

PT-141 (bremelanotide) is an MC4R agonist. PDE5 inhibitors work on blood flow. Vyleesi is labeled for acquired, generalized HSDD in premenopausal women. Gray-market cakes are not that product. Male ED use is off-label. Derived from Melanotan II with less MC1R tanning activity; nausea and transient BP rise still sit on the file.

Source: FDA Label (Vyleesi)

Goal context

Desire vs erection plumbing

MC4R is central arousal. Sildenafil is nitric-oxide plumbing. Non-responders to PDE5 are a hypothesis, not a guarantee this vial will work.

Background & History

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a cyclic heptapeptide derived from alpha-MSH (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) developed by Palatin Technologies. Unlike sildenafil and other PDE5 inhibitors that act peripherally, PT-141 acts centrally in the hypothalamus via MC4R (melanocortin-4 receptor) to initiate sexual arousal - making it effective for both men and women. FDA approved in 2019 as Vyleesi for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women - the first centrally acting sexual dysfunction treatment approved for women.

Research Use Cases

  • ✓Identity: Vyleesi labeled HSDD vs a research cake
  • ✓Why this is not a PDE5 and not a general ED NDA
  • ✓Nausea, BP, and the 8-doses-per-month cap

Dosing

PhaseDoseFrequencyNotes
Low / Sensitivity Test500 - 750 mcgAs needed (max 1x/24h)Start here to assess nausea tolerance. Inject 45-60 min before anticipated need.
FDA-Approved Dose1.75 mgAs needed (max 8x/month)Approved dose (Vyleesi) for women. Used off-label for both sexes in research.

Administration

Route / form
Subcutaneous injection (abdomen or thigh)
Timing
45-60 minutes before anticipated need. Fasting not required.
Empty stomach?
No - Food timing is not critical.

Timeline

45-60 min post-injection
Onset of arousal enhancement. Nausea risk is highest in this window.
1-4 hours
Labeled Vyleesi window is hours, not a 72-hour guarantee. Research lots vary. Nausea often outlasts the first hour.

Who it is for

Sexual Dysfunction (Female HSDD)

High

FDA-approved (Vyleesi) - the first central-acting sexual dysfunction treatment for women.

Sexual Dysfunction (Male, off-label)

Low

Not a male-ED NDA. Central MC4R is a different mechanism than PDE5. That is a hypothesis, not a guarantee.

Reconstitution

VialWaterConcentrationExample dose
10 mg lyophilized2 mL BAC5 mg/mL1.75 mg labeled Vyleesi is a device. On a 10 mg / 2 mL cake (5 mg/mL), 500 mcg = 0.10 mL = 10 units on a U-100.

Change vial size or water volume? Open the reconstitution calculator.

Safety & Considerations

FDA-approved as Vyleesi. May cause nausea, flushing, and headache. Maximum 1 dose per 24 hours, 8 doses per month. Transient blood pressure elevation possible. Not for uncontrolled hypertension.

Regulatory & Legal Status

FDA Status (US)
Approved

FDA-approved as Vyleesi® for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women

WADA Status (2026)
Not Listed

Not currently on the WADA 2026 Prohibited List. Policies may change - verify before competition.

Classification

Prescription Drug

US Compounding: Available via licensed pharmacy Rx

⚠️ This information is for educational purposes only and may not reflect the most current regulatory updates. Always verify with official FDA, WADA, and jurisdiction-specific sources before use.

Limits of current evidence

  • Vyleesi label is not a male-ED NDA. Off-label male use is a different evidence body.
  • Do not combine with PDE5 inhibitors without a clinician. Transient BP rise is on the label.
  • Nausea is common. Starting at 1.75 mg on a first research-chem shot is how people drop out.

Verdict

PT-141 is bremelanotide. The labeled job is Vyleesi 1.75 mg SC for premenopausal HSDD, max one dose per 24 h and eight per month. Research vials are not that product. It is not a PDE5 and not a general ED cure.

Interactions & Contraindications

Common side effect: transient nausea and flushing (MC1R-mediated). Causes transient blood pressure increase - contraindicated with cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, or concurrent use of antihypertensives. Do not combine with PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil) without medical clearance - additive blood pressure reduction risk. Maximum dosing frequency: once per 24 hours.

Synergies & Common Stacks

Different axis: kisspeptin is GnRH/LH, PT-141 is central MC4R. Clinics pair them. That is not a combination trial and not a male-ED NDA.

Pitocin is labor. Intranasal oxytocin is not Vyleesi. Pairing them is a catalog habit, not a sexual-wellness protocol.

PT-141 vs. Melanotan-2

Canonical comparison: PT-141 vs Melanotan-2

AttributePT-141Melanotan-2
FDA StatusApproved as Vyleesi® (HSDD)Research chemical - not FDA approved
MechanismMC4R agonist (sexual circuits)MC1R + MC4R agonist (tanning + sexual)
Primary EffectSexual arousal / desireSkin tanning + sexual arousal
Tanning EffectMinimal (MC1R activity much lower)Strong melanin-stimulated tanning
Side EffectsNausea, flushing (self-limiting)Nausea, erections, pigmentation, moles
Dose0.5–1.75 mg per dose (SC)0.5–1 mg per dose (SC)

Verdict: PT-141 is the safer, FDA-approved option for sexual health with a well-defined safety profile. Melanotan-2 adds tanning effects but carries greater risk (uncontrolled pigmentation, mole growth). For pure sexual function, PT-141 is the preferred clinical choice.

Frequently Asked Questions

How quickly does PT-141 work?▼
PT-141 takes 45-60 minutes to take effect when injected subcutaneously. Effects last 6-12 hours.
What is the PT-141 dose?▼
FDA-approved (Vyleesi): 1.75 mg SC. Research protocols: 500 mcg to 2 mg. Start low to assess nausea tolerance.
Can men use PT-141?▼
There is no male-ED NDA. Central MC4R is a different mechanism than PDE5. Off-label anecdotes exist. That is a hypothesis, not a guarantee for PDE5 non-responders. Compounded cakes are not Vyleesi.

References

  1. Diamond LE et al. “"Bremelanotide: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction".” Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs (2006). PMID: 16466772
  2. Kingsberg SA, et al. “Bremelanotide for treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (RECONNECT).” Obstet Gynecol (2019). PMID: 31135742
  3. Rosen RC, et al. “Melanocortin receptor agonists for the treatment of sexual dysfunction.” J Sex Med (2004). PMID: 15497047

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